Matt beat me to Fever Ray.
I haven't been listening to it a lot, but I like the album. For the life of me I can't recall where I first heard them though.
I'm not going to spend any time describing the music, but I'll mention where the artists hail from and where I heard or discovered them if I can. I can fill a larger list of stuff that I doubt anyone else has heard of, so this is just a tiny sampling and geared toward music in English. Of course I'm also listening to a lot of stuff that a ton of other people are also listening to, or that more people are listening to more recently.
You should be able to preview the music on sites like Last.FM
MAU - (Man and Unable) from Portugal, perform in English, French and Portuguese (sometimes all three in one song). Discovered through RateYourMusic.com I believe. Electronic rock.
Mazgani - from Portugal, performs in English - RateYourMusic.com discovery. Rock.
Slimmy - Also from Portugal, recording out of the UK, in English - rateyourmusic.com discovery. Electronic rock. Low RYM reviews but I quite like the music.
Fingertips - from Portugal, perform in English, heard on the radio while vacationing in Portugal. alt.Rock.
Loto - from Portugal, perform in English, have recorded a few songs with Peter Hook from New Order, discovered on Last.fm. Electronic rock.
Bulllet - from Portugal, in English, can't remember where I discovered, maybe rym.com. Trip-hop/electronic. That's three "Ls" in Bulllet.
Champion - From Canada - first heard single "Alive" on the radio, which was a fluke because I don't normally listen to the radio. I've only ever heard of a single station locally playing the latest album. Might get more college play. DJ, mixed tracks & rock.
Tiga - From Canada, first heard a track on a mix CD my wife bought. Electronica, dance.
Mute Math - from New Orleans - first heard on neighbor's iPod. Rock
The Junction - local boys from Brampton, Ontario Canada. Heard a single track on the radio. alt.Rock.
Jes Brieden - New York, performing under "JES" - can't recall where I first heard her. Electronica/dance.
Gabreilla Cilmi - from Australia, first heard on the radio in Portugal while on vacation. Doesn't get any radio airplay here from what I've heard. Released first album at 16, very mature voice, syrupy, Amy Winehouse -ish. But different.
Archive - from the UK (signed in France). Found via Last.FM - electronic/progressive.